Cyprinidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, especially the difference in levels o ...

commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the

carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

s, the true

minnow Minnow is the common name for a number of species of small freshwater fish, belonging to several genera of the families Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. They are also known in Ireland as pinkeens. Smaller fish in the subfamily Leusciscidae are c ...

s, and relatives like the

barb Barb or the BARBs or ''variation'' may refer to: People * Barb (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname * Barb, a term used by fans of Nicki Minaj to refer to themselves * The Barbs, a band Places * Barb, ...

s and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general with about 3,000

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

, of which only 1,270 remain extant, divided into about 370

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm in size to the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''). By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches, and relatives. Cypriniformes is an Order within the Superorder Ostariophysi consisting of " Carp-like" Ostariophysins. This order contains 11-12 famil ...

. The family name is derived from the Greek word ( 'carp').

Biology and ecology

Cyprinids are stomachless fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These

pharyngeal teeth Pharyngeal teeth are teeth in the pharyngeal arch of the throat of cyprinids, suckers, and a number of other fish species otherwise lacking teeth.bony process of the

skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, th ...

. The pharyngeal teeth are unique to each species and are used by scientists to identify species. Strong pharyngeal teeth allow fish such as the

common carp The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

and ide to eat hard baits such as snails and

bivalves Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

. Hearing is a well-developed sense in the cyprinids since they have the Weberian organ, three specialized vertebral processes that transfer motion of the

gas bladder The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wit ...

to the inner ear. The vertebral processes of the Weberian organ also permit a cyprinid to detect changes in motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are considered

physostome Physostomes are fishes that have a pneumatic duct connecting the gas bladder to the alimentary canal. This allows the gas bladder to be filled or emptied via the mouth. This not only allows the fish to fill their bladder by gulping air, but also t ...

s because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder, or they can dispose of excess gas to the gut. Giant Barb

Cyprinids are native to

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

, and

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

. The largest known cyprinid is the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''), which may grow up to in length and in weight. Other very large species that can surpass are the golden mahseer (''Tor putitora'') and mangar (''Luciobarbus esocinus''). The largest North American species is the

Colorado pikeminnow The Colorado pikeminnow (''Ptychocheilus lucius'', formerly squawfish) is the largest cyprinid fish of North America and one of the largest in the world, with reports of individuals up to 6 ft (1.8 m) long and weighing over 100 ...

(''Ptychocheilus lucius''), which can reach up to in length. Conversely, many species are smaller than . The smallest known fish is ''

Paedocypris progenetica ''Paedocypris progenetica'' is a species of tiny cyprinid fish endemic to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Bintan where it is found in peat swamps and blackwater streams. It was discovered by Singaporean ichthyologist Heok Hui Tan. He ha ...

'', reaching at the longest. All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs; however, a few species build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterlings of subfamily

Acheilognathinae The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in ''Acheilognathus'', and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of t ...

are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve

molluscs Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...

, where the young develop until able to fend for themselves. Cyprinids contain the first and only known example of androgenesis in a vertebrate, in the Squalius alburnoides

allopolyploid Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of ( homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, where each set contains ...

complex. Most cyprinids feed mainly on

invertebrates Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordat ...

and

vegetation Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic charac ...

, probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach; however, some species, like the asp, are predators that specialize in fish. Many species, such as the ide and the

common rudd The common rudd (''Scardinius erythrophthalmus'') is a bentho-pelagic freshwater fish, widely spread in Europe and middle Asia, around the basins of the North, Baltic, Black, Caspian and Aral seas. Identification Morphologically, this spe ...

, prey on small fish when individuals become large enough. Even small species, such as the moderlieschen, are opportunistic predators that will eat larvae of the

common frog The common frog or grass frog (''Rana temporaria''), also known as the European common frog, European common brown frog, European grass frog, European Holarctic true frog, European pond frog or European brown frog, is a semi-aquatic amphibian o ...

in artificial circumstances. Some cyprinids, such as the

grass carp The grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') is a species of large herbivorous freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, native to the Pacific Far East, with a native range stretching from northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Sino-Russi ...

, are specialized herbivores; others, such as the

common nase The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous cyprinid fish. It is often simply called the nase, but that can refer to any species of its genus '' Chondrostoma''. Another name is sneep. Distribution The nase is found natu ...

, eat algae and

biofilm A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular po ...

s, while others, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the

silver carp The silver carp (''Hypophthalmichthys molitrix'') is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish, a variety of Asian carp native to China and eastern Siberia, from the Amur River drainage in the north to the Xi Jiang River drainage in the south. Alt ...

, are specialized

filter feeders Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ...

. For this reason, cyprinids are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails. Unlike most fish species, cyprinids generally increase in abundance in

eutrophic Eutrophication is the process by which an entire body of water, or parts of it, becomes progressively enriched with minerals and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. It has also been defined as "nutrient-induced increase in phytoplan ...

lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating the

zooplankton Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by ...

that would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.

Relationship with humans

Food

Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and

farmed Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

across

. In

land-locked A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins. There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 4 landlocked de facto states. Kazakhstan is the world's large ...

countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of

biomass Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms bio ...

in most water types except for fast-flowing rivers. In Eastern Europe, they are often prepared with traditional methods such as drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places, they remain popular for food, as well as

recreational fishing Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing or game fishing, is fishing for leisure, exercise or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is professional fishing for profit; or subsistence fishing, which is fishing fo ...

, for ornamental use, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.

Sport

Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for

match fishing In Britain and Ireland, coarse fishing (, ) refers to angling for rough fish, which are fish species traditionally considered undesirable as a food or game fish. Freshwater game fish are all salmonids — most particularly salmon, trout and cha ...

(due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.

As pest control

Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural ranges to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The common carp (''Cyprinus carpio'') and the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') are the most important of these, for example in

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and ...

As a pest species

Carp in particular can stir up

sediment Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sand ...

, reducing the clarity of the water and making plant growth difficult. In America and Australia, such as the Asian carp in the Mississippi Basin, they have become

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adv ...

that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment. ''Cyprinus carpio'' is a major pest species in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

impacting freshwater environments, amenity, and the agricultural economy, devastating

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species ('' species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity'') ...

by decimating native fish populations where they first became established as a major pest in the wild in the 1960s. In the major river system of eastern Australia, the Murray-Darling Basin, they constitute 80-90 per cent of fish biomass. In 2016 the federal government announced A$15.2 million to fund the National Carp Control Plan to investigate using

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 ''Cyprinid herpesvirus 3'' (also CyHV-3, koi herpes virus or KHV) is a species of virus causing a viral disease that is very contagious to the common carp ''Cyprinus carpio''. Pathology It is most commonly found in ornamental koi, which are oft ...

(carp virus) as a biological control agent while minimising impacts on industry and environment should a carp virus release go ahead. Despite initial, favourable assessment, in 2020 this plan was found to be unlikely to work due to the high fecundity of the fish.

Aquarium fish

Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium and fishpond hobbies, most famously the

goldfish The goldfish (''Carassius auratus'') is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have bec ...

, which was bred in China from the Prussian carp (''Carassius (auratus) gibelio''). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...

. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards, the common carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi – or more accurately , as simply means "common carp" in Japanese. Other popular aquarium cyprinids include

danionin The danionins are a group of small, minnow-type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera '' Danio'', ''Devario'', and ''Rasbora''._They_are_primarily_native_to_the_s_...''._They_are_primarily_native_ ...

s, rasborines, and true barbs. Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria. One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the

zebrafish The zebrafish (''Danio rerio'') is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often ca ...

(''Danio rerio''). It has become the standard

model species A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the working ...

for studying developmental genetics of

vertebrate Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with ...

s, in particular fish.

Threatened families

Habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

. In particular, the cyprinids of the subfamily

Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

from southwestern North America have been hit hard by

pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, th ...

and unsustainable water use in the early to mid-20th century; most globally extinct cypriniform species are in fact leuciscinid cyprinids from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Systematics

The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological s ...

in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. Some distinct lineages obviously exist – for example, the Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininaebut the overall

systematics Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic t ...

and

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of

are ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'', too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty. Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have coevolved for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family. The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like the

Labeoninae Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species el ...

Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the bl ...

also remain doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the

large-headed carp The bighead carp (''Hypophthalmichthys nobilis'') is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish native to East Asia, and is one of several Asian carps introduced into North America. It is one of the most intensively exploited fishes in fish farming, ...

s ( Hypophthalmichthyinae) with ''

Xenocypris ''Xenocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. There are currently seven species in this genus, one, ''X. yushensis'', being known only from fossils, and one, ''X. yunnanensis'', which is critically endangered or recently exti ...

'', though, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae. The entirely

paraphyletic In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In ...

"Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African "

s" do not belong in ''

Barbus ''Barbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of ''Barbus'' is the common barbel, first described as ''Cyprinus barbus'' and now named ''Barbus barbus''. ''Barbus'' is the namesake genus of the subfamil ...

'' ''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

'' – indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the

typical carp ''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been introduced to many othe ...

s (''Cyprinus'') as these are from '' Garra'' (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore, such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature. The

tench The tench or doctor fish (''Tinca tinca'') is a fresh- and brackish-water fish of the order Cypriniformes found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. It is ...

(''Tinca tinca''), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...

analysis of

DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. T ...

data of the S7

ribosomal protein A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. ''E. coli'', other bacteria and Archaea have a 30S small subunit an ...

intron An intron is any Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e. a region inside a gene."The notion of ...

1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

subfamily. It also suggests it may be closer to the small

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea ...

n ''

Aphyocypris ''Aphyocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes consisting of eight species, all of which are restricted to East Asia. Species There are currently ten recognized species in this genus: * '' Aphyocypris amnis'' T. Y. Liao, S. O. Kullander & H. ...

'', '' Hemigrammocypris'', and ''

Yaoshanicus ''Aphyocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes consisting of eight species, all of which are restricted to East Asia. Species There are currently ten recognized species in this genus: * '' Aphyocypris amnis'' T. Y. Liao, S. O. Kullander & H. ...

''. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the

topography Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary sc ...

of that region in the late

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...

, when their divergence presumably occurred. A DNA-based analysis of these fish places the Rasborinae as the basal lineage with the Cyprininae as a sister clade to the Leuciscinae. The subfamilies

Gobioninae Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. To adapt to different masticatory operat ...

, and

are monophyletic.

Subfamilies and genera

Pseudogobio esocinus(Hamamatsu,Shizuoka,Japan)

The 5th Edition of

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011) is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the ...

sets out the following subfamilies:

Subfamily
Acheilognathinae The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in ''Acheilognathus'', and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of t ...

* ''

Acanthorhodeus The Khanka spiny bitterling (''Acanthorhodeus chankaensis'') is a temperate freshwater fish belonging to the Acheilognathinae subfamily of the family Cyprinidae. It originates in the inland rivers in Asia, and is found in China, Korea, and Russ ...

'' (Khanka spiny bitterling) * ''

Acheilognathus ''Acheilognathus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish native to Asia. The name is derived from the Greek ''a'', meaning "without", the Greek ''cheilos'', meaning "lip", and the Greek ''gnathos'', meaning "jaw". Morphology Fishes of this genus have l ...

'' (bitterlings) * ''

Rhodeus ''Rhodeus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 23 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word ', meaning "rose". Most species in the genus are restricted to Asia, but two species are found in Europe (' ...

'' (bitterlings) * ''

Tanakia ''Tanakia'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of five species that occurs in Eastern Asia. The type species is the '' Tanakia limbata''. Genus is named for Shigeho Tanaka (1878-1974), “accomplished” ichthyologist of the Imperial Unive ...

'' (bitterlings)

Subfamily
Alburninae Alburninae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family of ray-finned fish, the Cyprinidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously considered to be part of the Leuciscinae, but if the three Alburninae genera are included in that subfa ...

* '' Alburnoides'' * ''

Alburnus ''Alburnus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are known commonly as bleaks. A group of species in the genus is known as shemayas. The genus occurs in the western Palearctic realm, and the center of diversit ...

'' (bleaks) * '' Aspiolucius'' (pike asp) * '' Metzia''

Subfamily Barbinae

* ''

Acrossocheilus ''Acrossocheilus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae, native to freshwater in China, Taiwan, Laos, and Vietnam. They are fairly small, no more than in standard length. Species There are currently 26 recognized species of ...

'' * '' Anchicyclocheilus'' * '' Aulopyge'' (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon) * ''

Balantiocheilos ''Balantiocheilos'' is a small genus of cyprinid fish from southeast Asia. It includes two species. Species *'' Balantiocheilos ambusticauda'' H. H. Ng & Kottelat, 2007 (Burnt tail fish) *'' Balantiocheilos melanopterus'' ( Bleeker, 1851) (T ...

'' * ''

'' (typical barbels and barbs) * ''

Carasobarbus ''Carasobarbus'', the himris, is a small genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its species are found in rivers, streams, lakes and ponds in Western Asia and Northwest Africa. ''C. canis'' can reach in total length, but most other ...

'' * '' Clypeobarbus'' * ''

Dawkinsia ''Dawkinsia'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes from freshwater in South India and Sri Lanka. It was split off from genus ''Puntius'' in 2012. Etymology ''Dawkinsia'' is named after the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in recognition of his ...

'' * ''

Desmopuntius ''Desmopuntius'' is a genus of small freshwater cyprinids native to Southeast Asia. They were formerly included in ''Puntius''. Etymology The name ''Desmopuntius'' is derived from the Greek language δεσμψτης ("desmotes") meaning 'priso ...

'' * '' Diptychus'' * ''

Enteromius ''Enteromius'' is a genus of small to medium-sized cyprinid fish native to tropical Africa. Most species were placed in the genus ''Barbus ''Barbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of ''Barbus'' is th ...

'' * '' Haludaria'' * '' Hsianwenia'' * ''

Kalimantania ''Kalimantania lawak'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Indonesia occurring on the islands of Borneo and Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Oce ...

'' * ''

Luciobarbus ''Luciobarbus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. Its members are found in fresh and brackish waters of southern Europe, northern Africa, the wider Near East, the Aral and Caspian Seas, and rivers associated with these. Se ...

'' * '' Mesopotamichthys'' * ''

Neobarynotus ''Neobarynotus microlepis'' is a species of cyprinid fish found is Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United N ...

'' * ''

Oliotius The checker barb (''Oliotius oligolepis'')Kottelat, M. (2013)The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries. ''The Raffles Bulletin of Zool ...

'' * ''

Oreichthys ''Oreichthys'' is a genus of tropical barbs found in Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), northern Malay Peninsula, and the Mekong basin in Laos. They are found in ditches, ponds, streams (both highland and lowland) and canals.Rahman, ...

'' * '' Pethia'' * ''

Pseudobarbus ''Pseudobarbus'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. The type species is Burchell's redfin (''P. burchelli''). The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek ''pseudes'' ("false") and the Latin word ''barbus'' ("beard", ...

'' (redfins) * '' Puntigrus'' * ''

Puntius ''Puntius'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae native to South Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia, as well as Taiwan. Many species formerly placed in ''Puntius'' have been moved to other genera such as '' Barbodes'', ''D ...

'' (spotted barbs) * ''

Sahyadria ''Sahyadria'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes native to India where they are endemic to rivers and streams in the Western Ghats. They were formerly included in ''Puntius''. The largest ''Sahyadria'' measure total length Fish measurement is the ...

'' * '' Schizopyge'' (snowtrouts) * '' Schizothorax'' (snowtrouts) * '' Sinocyclocheilus'' (golden-line fish) * '' Striuntius'' * ''

Systomus ''Systomus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to tropical Asia.Kottelat, M. (2013)The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and es ...

Subfamily Cultrinae

* ''

Anabarilius ''Anabarilius'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae, most of them only occurring in China. Many of the species have very restricted geographic range and have been negatively impacted by introduced species, fishing, and habitat ...

'' * '' Chanodichthys'' * '' Culter'' * ''

Cultrichthys ''Cultrichthys compressocorpus'' is a species of cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is ...

'' * '' Hainania'' * ''

Hemiculter ''Hemiculter'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of eight species native to fresh water of eastern Asia (Siberia to Vietnam). The type species is the sharpbelly, ''Culter leucisculus''. The name is derived from the Greek word ''hemis'', m ...

'' (sharpbellies) * ''

Ischikauia ''Ischikauia steenackeri'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Biwa in Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is borde ...

'' * ''

Megalobrama ''Megalobrama'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of six species native to fresh water in China and eastern Russia. The name is derived from the Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Sou ...

'' * ''

Parabramis The white Amur bream (''Parabramis pekinensis'') is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish, of the monotypic genus ''Parabramis''. It is native to eastern Asia, where found from the Amur River basin in Russia south to Ningpo and Shanghai in Chin ...

'' (white Amur bream) * ''

Paralaubuca ''Paralaubuca'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern regio ...

'' * ''

Pseudohemiculter ''Pseudohemiculter'' is a genus of cyprinid fish occurring in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which sha ...

'' * ''

Pseudolaubuca ''Pseudolaubuca'' is a genus of cyprinid fish from eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the cont ...

'' * '' Sinibrama'' * '' Toxabramis''

Subfamily Cyprininae

* '' Arabibarbus'' * '' Barboides'' * '' Barbonymus'' (tinfoil barbs) * '' Capoeta'' (khramulyas) * '' Carassioides'' * '' Carassius'' (Crucian carps and

) * ''

Cyprinus ''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been introduced to many othe ...

'' (typical carps) * ''

Eechathalakenda The Channa barb (''Eechathalakenda ophicephalus'') (formerly ''Puntius ophicephalus''), is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to India where it occurs in hill streams in forested areas. This species can reach a length of TL. This species is als ...

'' * ''

Gymnocypris ''Gymnocypris'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to China. Species There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus: * ''Gymnocypris chilianensis'' S. C. Li & S. Y. Chang, 1974 * ''Gymnocypris chui'' T. L. Tchang, T ...

Subfamily Danioninae

* ''

Amblypharyngodon The carplets (''Amblypharyngodon'') are a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae. They are up to in total length and inhabit a wide range of slow-moving or stagnant freshwater habitats in South and Mainland Southeast Asia. Species There are 5 ...

'' (carplets) * ''

Aspidoparia ''Aspidoparia'' is a small genus of cyprinid fishes that are found in South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afg ...

'' * ''

Barilius ''Barilius'' is a large genus of cyprinid freshwater fishes native to Asia. Four species in this genus have been described since 2012. Species There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus: * ''Barilius ardens'' Knight, A. Rai, D ...

'' * '' Betadevario'' * '' Boraras'' (rasboras) * '' Cabdio'' * ''

Chelaethiops ''Chelaethiops'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in lakes and rivers of Africa. While commonly called "sardines", they are not related to the true sardines of the family Clupeidae. There are currently five recognized species in this genus. ...

'' * '' Chela'' * ''

Danio ''Danio'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found in South and Southeast Asia, commonly kept in aquaria. They are generally characterised by a pattern of horizontal stripes, rows of spots or vertical bars. Some species ...

'' (danios) * '' Danionella'' * ''

Devario ''Devario'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to the rivers and streams of South and Southeast Asia. These fishes have short barbels and many species having vertical or horizontal stripes. These species consume various small ...

'' * ''

Esomus ''Esomus'', or flying barbs, are freshwater fish native to South Asia, South and Mainland Southeast Asia. They are closely related to the genus ''Danio'' and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels. Species * ''Esomus ahli'' Sunder La ...

'' (flying barbs) * ''

Engraulicypris ''Engraulicypris'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to Africa. In a study of mitochondrial genealogy, the species formerly included in ''Mesobola'' are not phylogenetically separated from ''Engraulicypris'' and therefore shoul ...

'' * '' Fangfangia'' * '' Horadandia'' * '' Inlecypris'' * ''

Laubuka ''Laubuka'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in South and Southeast Asia. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus: * '' Laubuka brahmaputraensis'' Kulabtong, Suksri & Nonpayom, 2012 Kulabtong, S., Suksri, S. & Nonpayo ...

'' * '' Leptocypris'' * '' Luciosoma'' * '' Malayochela'' * ''

Microdevario ''Microdevario'' is a small genus of danionin cyprinids. It was recently described to include species previously in the genus '' Microrasbora''. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic interrelationships of the south Asian cyprinid genera ''Danio'', ''Deva ...

'' * ''

Microrasbora ''Microrasbora'' is a genus of small fishes. The generic name means "small Rasbora", however these are more closely related to the danios than rasboras. They inhabit freshwater in Myanmar and Yunnan, China. Taxonomy ''Microrasbora'', until rec ...

'' * '' Nematabramis'' * '' Neobola'' * '' Opsaridium'' * '' Opsarius'' * ''

Paedocypris ''Paedocypris'' is a genus of tiny cyprinid fish found in swamps and streams on the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo, Sumatra and Bintan. ''Paedocypris progenetica'' has been claimed to be the one of smallest known species of fish in the world ...

'' * ''

Pectenocypris ''Pectenocypris'' is a genus of small fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to freshwater habitats in Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia. Species There are currently 4 recognized species in this genus: * ''Pectenocypris balaena'' T. R. Roberts, 1 ...

'' * ''

Raiamas ''Raiamas'' is a genus of cyprinid freshwater fishes. The majority of the species are from Africa, but ''R. bola'' and ''R. guttatus '' are from South and Southeast Asia. Species * '' Raiamas ansorgii'' (Boulenger, 1910) * '' Raiamas batesii' ...

'' * '' Rasbora'' * '' Rasboroides'' * ''

Rasbosoma ''Rasbosoma'' is a genus of cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most ...

'' (dwarf scissortail rasbora) * ''

Rastrineobola The silver cyprinid (''Rastrineobola argentea'') also known as the Lake Victoria sardine, mukene,and omena (native language), dagaa (swahili language) is a species of pelagic, freshwater ray-finned fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae from East Af ...

'' (silver cyprinid) * ''

Salmostoma The razorbelly minnows are a group of fish in the genus ''Salmostoma'' found in southern Asia. They have been placed in the genus ''Salmophasia'' but this is regarded as a junior synonym of ''Salmostoma''. Species There are currently 13 recogn ...

'' (razorbelly minnows) * '' Securicula'' * ''

Sundadanio ''Sundadanio'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes from freshwater habitats, typically peat swamps and blackwater streams, in Borneo and Sumatra (as well as nearby smaller islands) in southeast Asia. At up to in standard length they are very small, b ...

'' * ''

Trigonopoma ''Trigonopoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region ...

'' * ''

Trigonostigma ''Trigonostigma'' is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. These social, colorful freshwater fish are often kept in aquarium An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least on ...

Subfamily
Gobioninae Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. To adapt to different masticatory operat ...

* '' Abbottina'' (false gudgeons) * '' Belligobio'' * '' Biwia'' * '' Coreius'' * ''

Coreoleuciscus ''Coreoleuciscus'' is a genus of fish from the cyprinid family endemic to rivers of the Korean peninsula Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with ...

'' * '' Gnathopogon'' * ''

Gobio ''Gobio'' is a genus of typical gudgeons, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae many of which are endemics of south-eastern Europe. Members of the genus are usually small fish, rarely longer than 10 cm. Many species previously in ''Gob ...

'' (typical gudgeons) * '' Gobiobotia'' * ''

Gobiocypris ''Gobiocypris rarus'' is a freshwater species of cyprinid fish endemic to China where it is only found near Jiuxiang in Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; former ...

'' * '' Hemibarbus'' (steeds) * '' Huigobio'' * '' Ladislavia'' * '' Mesogobio'' * '' Microphysogobio'' * ''

Paracanthobrama ''Paracanthobrama guichenoti'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are ...

'' * ''

Paraleucogobio ''Paraleucogobio notacanthus'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most pop ...

'' * '' Parasqualidus'' * '' Platysmacheilus'' * '' Pseudogobio'' * '' Pseudopungtungia'' * '' Pseudorasbora'' * ''

Pungtungia ''Pungtungia'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Eastern Asia. There are currently three described species in this genus. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Pungtungia herzi'' Herzenstein, 1892 * '' Pung ...

'' * '' Rhinogobio'' * ''

Romanogobio ''Romanogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Europe and Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares t ...

'' * '' Sarcocheilichthys'' * '' Saurogobio'' * '' Squalidus'' * ''

Xenophysogobio ''Xenophysogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to China. There are currently two described species in this genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well ...

Subfamily
Labeoninae Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species el ...

* '' Bangana'' * '' Brevibora'' * ''

Cirrhinus ''Cirrhinus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. Members of this genus are native to freshwater in South Asia, Indochina and southern China.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.''Cirrhinus'' species list. FishBase. 2011 ...

'' (mud carps) * ''

Cophecheilus ''Cophecheilus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae i ...

'' * ''

Crossocheilus ''Crossocheilus'', also known as the fringe barbs, flying foxes, or "algae eaters", is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is distributed in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand in Asia. These fish occur in several types of hab ...

'' * ''

Discocheilus ''Discocheilus'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to ...

'' * '' Discogobio'' * '' Discolabeo'' * '' Garra'' * ''

Henicorhynchus ''Henicorhynchus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nation ...

'' * '' Horalabiosa'' * '' Hongshuia'' * ''

Labeo ''Labeo'' is a genus of carps in the family Cyprinidae. They are found in freshwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae, which may not be a valid group, however ...

'' (labeos) * ''

Labeobarbus ''Labeobarbus'' is a mid-sized ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. Its species are widely distributed throughout eastern Africa and especially southern Africa, but also in Lake Tana in Ethiopia. A common name, in particular for the s ...

'' (yellowfish) * '' Labiobarbus'' * '' Longanalus'' * '' Osteochilichthys'' * '' Osteochilus'' * '' Paraqianlabeo'' * ''

Parasinilabeo ''Parasinilabeo'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, ...

'' * ''

Placocheilus ''Placocheilus caudofasciatus'' is a species of cyprinid native to Laos, Vietnam and China in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a s ...

'' * '' Protolabeo'' * ''

Pseudocrossocheilus ''Pseudocrossocheilus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemism, endemic to China. There are currently six recognized species in this genus. Species * ''Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis'' (Fang Shu-Miao, S. M. Fang, 1981) * ''Pseudocrossocheilus liuc ...

'' * ''

Pseudogyrinocheilus ''Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus'' is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, found in Yangtze River and its tributaries in China. This species is the only member of its genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biologi ...

'' * '' Ptychidio'' * '' Qianlabeo'' * ''

Rectoris ''Rectoris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in China and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southe ...

'' * '' Semilabeo'' * '' Sinigarra'' * '' Sinilabeo'' * '' Sinocrossocheilus'' * '' Stenorynchoacrum'' * '' Tariqilabeo'' * '' Vinagarra'' * '' Vinalabeo''

Subfamily Leptobarbinae

* ''

Leptobarbus ''Leptobarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that are native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia. They are important food fish. It is the only genus in the subfamily Leptobarbinae. Leptobarbus hoevenii or "sultan fish" migrate the fresh water ...

Subfamily
Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

* '' Abramis'' (common bream) * ''

Acanthobrama ''Acanthobrama'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae found mostly in the Near East. Species * '' Acanthobrama centisquama'' Heckel, 1843 * '' Acanthobrama hadiyahensis'' Coad, Alkahem & Behnke, 1983 * †'' Acanthobrama ...

'' (bleaks) * ''

Achondrostoma ''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.Robalo, J. I., et al. (2007)Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus ''Chondrostoma'' based on mitochondrial ...

'' * '' Anaecypris'' * '' Acrocheilus'' (chiselmouth) * '' Agosia'' (longfin dace) * '' Algansea'' (Mexican chubs) * '' Aztecula'' (Aztec chub) * '' Ballerus'' (breams) * '' Blicca'' (silver bream) * ''

Campostoma ''Campostoma'', the stonerollers, is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. There are currently six species recognized for this genus. Species * '' Campostoma anomalum'' ( Rafinesque, 1820) (Central stoneroller) * '' Campostoma oligol ...

'' (stonerollers) * '' Chondrostoma'' (typical nases) * '' Chrosomus'' (typical daces) * ''

Clinostomus ''Clinostomus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occur in eastern North America. There are two species in this genus. Species * '' Clinostomus elongatus'' ( Kirtland, 1840) (Redside dace) * ''Clinostomus funduloides The rosyside dace (''Clinos ...

'' (redside daces) * ''

Codoma The ornate shiner (''Codoma ornata'') is a cyprinid fish endemic to Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the Unite ...

'' (ornate shiner) * ''

'' (Korean splendid dace) * '' Couesius'' (lake chub) * ''

Cyprinella ''Cyprinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are known as the satinfin shiners. They are native to North America, and some are among the most common freshwater fish species on the eastern side of the con ...

'' (satinfin shiners) * '' Delminichthys'' * ''

Dionda ''Dionda'' is the genus of desert minnows, small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to fresh waters in the United States and Mexico. Their range is centered in the Rio Grande basin, but they also occur in associated systems ...

'' (desert minnows) * ''

Eremichthys The desert dace (''Eremichthys acros'') is a rare cyprinid fish known only from the warm springs and creeks of Soldier Meadow in western Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Eremichthys''. The species i ...

'' (desert dace) * '' Ericymba'' (longjaw minnows) * '' Erimystax'' (slender chubs) *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

Evarra ''Evarra'' was a genus of small ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. All species in the genus were restricted to waters in the Valley of Mexico and are now extinct due to habitat loss (their habitat dried out with remaining waters in the reg ...

'' (Mexican daces) * ''

Exoglossum ''Exoglossum'' is a genus of mound-building freshwater fish of the minnow family (Cyprinidae) containing two species, commonly known as cutlip minnows, although the individual species, particularly ''Exoglossum maxillingua'', are also locally ...

'' (cutlips minnows) * '' Gila'' (western chubs) * ''

Hemitremia The flame chub (''Hemitremia flammea'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found only in the United States. Its range broadly follows the Tennessee River from above Knoxville, Tennessee, to the mouth of the Duck River. His ...

'' (flame chub) * ''

Hesperoleucus The California roach (''Hesperoleucus symmetricus'') is a cyprinid fish native to western North America and abundant in the intermittent streams throughout central California. Once considered the sole member of its genus, it has recently been sp ...

'' (California roach) * '' Hybognathus'' (silvery minnows) * '' Hybopsis'' (bigeye chubs) * '' Iberochondrostoma'' * '' Iberocypris'' * '' Iotichthys'' (least chub) * '' Kottelatia'' * ''

Ladigesocypris ''Ladigesocypris'' is a small genus of freshwater ray-finned fish from the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and r ...

'' * ''

Lavinia In Roman mythology, Lavinia ( ; ) is the daughter of Latinus and Amata, and the last wife of Aeneas. Creation It has been proposed that the character was in part intended to represent Servilia Isaurica, Emperor Augustus's first fiancée. Sto ...

'' (hitch) * '' Lepidomeda'' (spinedaces) * ''

Leucalburnus ''Leucalburnus satunini'', the mountain dace or White Kura bleak , is a species of cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the ...

'' * '' Leucaspius'' (moderlieschen) * ''

Leuciscus ''Leuciscus'' is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are inland water fishes commonly called Eurasian daces. The genus is widespread from Europe to Siberia. Species broadly distributed in Europe include the common dace ''Le ...

'' (Eurasian daces) * '' Leucos'' * '' Luxilus'' (highscale shiners) * '' Lythrurus'' (finescale shiners) * ''

Macrhybopsis ''Macrhybopsis'', the blacktail chubs, is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the no ...

'' (blacktail chubs) * '' Margariscus'' (pearl daces) * ''

Meda Meda may refer to: Places * Meda de Mouros, a parish in Tábua Municipality, Portugal * Medas, a parish in Gondomar Municipality, Portugal * Meda-Ela, Sri Lanka * Međa (Leskovac), village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia * Meda, Lombardy, ...

'' (pikedace) * '' Moapa'' (moapa dace) * '' Mylocheilus'' (peamouth) * ''

Mylopharodon ''Mylopharadon conocephalus'', known as the hardhead, is a freshwater ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows, which is endemic to California. It is the sole member of the monotypic genus ''Mylopharadon''. Description ...

'' (hardhead) * ''

Nocomis ''Nocomis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish native to North America. There are currently seven described species in this genus. Species * '' Nocomis asper'' Lachner & R. E. Jenkins, 1971 (Redspot chub) * '' Nocomis biguttatus'' ( Kirtland, 1840) ...

'' (hornyhead chubs) * '' Notemigonus'' (golden shiner) * ''

Notropis ''Notropis'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are known commonly as eastern shiners.''N ...

'' (eastern shiners) * ''

Opsopoeodus The pugnose minnow (''Opsopoeodus emiliae'') is a species of cyprinid fish found in the eastern North America. There are two recognized subspecies with the subspecies from Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of t ...

'' (pugnose minnow) * ''

Oregonichthys ''Oregonichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the ba ...

'' (Oregon chubs) * '' Orthodon'' (Sacramento blackfish) * '' Pachychilon'' * '' Parachondrostoma'' * '' Pararhinichthys'' (cheat minnow) * ''

Pelasgus In Greek mythology, Pelasgus ( grc, Πελασγός, ''Pelasgós'' means "ancient") was the eponymous ancestor of the Pelasgians, the mythical inhabitants of Greece who established the worship of the Dodonaean Zeus, Hephaestus, the Cabeiri, and o ...

'' * '' Pelecus'' (sabre carp) * ''

Petroleuciscus ''Petroleuciscus'' is a genus of four species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It was usually included in '' Leuciscus'' until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. Recent research has indicated that ''Petrol ...

'' (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) * '' Phenacobius'' (suckermouth minnows) * '' Phoxinellus'' * ''

Phoxinus ''Phoxinus'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The type species is ''Phoxinus phoxinus''. The other species in this genus are al ...

'' (Eurasian minnows and daces) * '' Pimephales'' (bluntnose minnows) * '' Plagopterus'' (woundfin) * ''

Platygobio The flathead chub (''Platygobio gracilis'') is a species of fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Platygobio''.Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds. (2011)''Platygobio''.FishBase. It is native to North Ameri ...

'' (flathead chub) * ''

Pogonichthys The splittails are a genus ''Pogonichthys'' of cyprinid fish, consisting of two species native to western North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is ...

'' (splittails) * '' Protochondrostoma'' (South European nase) * '' Pseudochondrostoma'' * ''

Pseudophoxinus ''Pseudophoxinus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. Species There are currently 29 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pseudophoxinus alii'' Küçük, 2007 (Pamphylian spring minnow) * '' Pseudophoxinus anat ...

'' * ''

Pteronotropis ''Pteronotropis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemism, endemic to the United States. Characteristics The genus is characterized by a broad dark blue stripe along the side. The genus has large anal and dorsal fins, as well as a compressed body ...

'' (flagfin shiners) * '' Ptychocheilus'' (pikeminnows) * '' Relictus'' (relict dace) * '' Rhinichthys'' (riffle daces, loach minnows) (including ''Tiaroga'') * ''

Rhynchocypris ''Rhynchocypris'' is a genus of fairly small Eurasian cyprinid fishes. There are currently seven described species in this genus. Species * ''Rhynchocypris czekanowskii'' (Benedykt Dybowski, Dybowski, 1869) (Czekanowski's minnow) * ''Rhynchocyp ...

'' (Eurasian minnows) * ''

Richardsonius ''Richardsonius'' is a genus of cyprinid fish consisting of two species native to western North America. Commonly known as redside shiners, that term is also used to refer to ''Richardsonius balteatus'' specifically. The genus is named after na ...

'' (redside shiners) * ''

Rutilus ''Rutilus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Eurasia. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of cyprinids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia. Species In FishBase (2022), nine species are included in the genus: ...

'' (roaches) * '' Sarmarutilus'' * ''

Scardinius ''Scardinius'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without any further qualifiers is also used for individual species, particularly the common rudd (''S. erythrophthalmus''). Th ...

'' (rudds) * ''

Semotilus ''Semotilus'' is the genus of creek chubs, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the common creek chub, ''S. atromaculatus''. The creek chub species of minnows can ...

'' (creek chubs) * ''

Siphateles ''Siphateles'' is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, native to the Western United States. They were formerly placed in the genus '' Gila''. Species The species include: *'' Siphateles alvordensis'' C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, ...

'' * ''

Snyderichthys ''Lepidomeda'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, commonly known as the spinedaces, found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the leatherside chub and the spiked ...

'' (spinedaces) * ''

Squalius ''Squalius'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. '' S. alburnoides'' is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving ...

'' (European chubs) *

'' Stypodon'' (stumptooth minnow) * ''

Tampichthys ''Tampichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to east–central Mexico. They are entirely restricted to the Pánuco River basin, except ''T. ipni'' which also occurs in some other Mexican rivers that drain into the Gulf of Mexico. These ar ...

'' * ''

Telestes ''Telestes'' is a genus of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in '' Leuciscus''. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus:Bogutskaya, N.G., Zupancic, P., Bogut, I. & Naseka, A.M. (2012): Two new freshwater fi ...

'' * '' Tribolodon'' * ''

Tropidophoxinellus ''Tropidophoxinellus'' is a genus of cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest ...

'' * '' Vimba'' (Vimbas) * '' Yuriria''

Subfamily Tincinae

* ''

Tanichthys ''Tanichthys'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. They are native to rivers and streams in China and Vietnam. Until recently, the type species, ''T. albonubes,'' was the only one known. In 2001 ...

'' * '' Tinca'' Trigonostigma somphongsi

Subfamily
Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the bl ...

* '' Ctenopharyngodon'' (grass carp) * ''

Mylopharyngodon ''Mylopharyngodon'' is a genus of fish belongs to the family Cyprinidae, it contains two species: the living black carp The black carp (''Mylopharyngodon piceus'') or Chinese black roach is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish and the sole ext ...

'' (black carp) * ''

Squaliobarbus The barbel chub (''Squaliobarbus curriculus'') is a species of cyprinid fish found in China, North Korea, South Korea, eastern Russia, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., ...

Subfamily Xenocyprinae

* '' Distoechodon'' * '' Hypophthalmichthys'' (bighead carps) * '' Plagiognathops'' * '' Pseudobrama'' * ''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Aaptosyax'' (giant salmon carp) * '' Acanthalburnus'' (bleaks) * ''

Acanthogobio ''Acanthogobio guentheri'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China. It is only found in the Yellow and Sinin Rivers, and is the only recognized species in its genus. It reaches up to a length of 20 cm. Named in honor of the German-born ...

'' * '' Acapoeta'' * '' Albulichthys'' * ''

Amblyrhynchichthys ''Amblyrhynchichthys'' is a small genus of cyprinid fish containing only two Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographica ...

'' * ''

Ancherythroculter ''Ancherythroculter'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes that occur in eastern Asia in China and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at th ...

'' * ''

'' * '' Araiocypris'' * '' Aspiorhynchus'' * ''

Atrilinea ''Atrilinea'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes that contains only three species, all of which are endemic to China. Species * ''Atrilinea macrolepis ''Atrilinea macrolepis'' is a species of cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish ...

'' * '' Barbichthys'' * ''

Barbodes ''Barbodes'' is a genus of small to medium-sized cyprinid fish native to tropical Asia. The majority of the species are from Southeast Asia. Many species are threatened and some from the Philippines (Lake Lanao) are already extinct. A survey carr ...

'' * '' Barbopsis'' (Somalian blind barb) * '' Caecobarbus'' (Congo blind barb) * '' Caecocypris'' * ''

Candidia ''Candidia'' is a genus of small cyprinid freshwater fish endemic to Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, wit ...

'' * ''

Capoetobrama ''Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi'' is a cyprinid fish that is found in Central Asia, in a region shared by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекис ...

'' * '' Catlocarpio'' * '' Chagunius'' * '' Chuanchia'' * ''

Coptostomabarbus ''Coptostomabarbus'' is a small genus of cyprinid fish containing only two Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million squar ...

'' * '' Cosmochilus'' * ''

Cyclocheilichthys ''Cyclocheilichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae containing approximately eight valid species. They are native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia and China. Two additional species are alternately placed in the ge ...

'' * ''

Cyprinion ''Cyprinion'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Species * '' Cyprinion acinaces'' Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 ** '' Cyprinion acinaces acinaces'' Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 ** '' Cyprinion acinaces hijazi'' Krupp, 1 ...

'' * ''

Diplocheilichthys ''Diplocheilichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish consisting of two species, both of which are endemic to Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacifi ...

'' * ''

Discherodontus ''Discherodontus'' is a genus of small cyprinid fishes found in rivers and streams in Mainland Southeast Asia and Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approxim ...

'' * '' Eirmotus'' * '' Elopichthys'' * ''

Epalzeorhynchos ''Epalzeorhynchos'' is a small ray-finned fish genus of the family Cyprinidae. Its members are – like some other cyprinids – known as "freshwater sharks" or simply "sharks". They are, however, freshwater members of the Osteichthyes li ...

'' * '' Folifer'' * '' Gibelion'' (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus ''Catla'') * '' Gymnodanio'' * '' Gymnodiptychus'' * '' Hampala'' * ''

Hemiculterella ''Hemiculterella'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which sha ...

'' * '' Hemigrammocypris'' (close to ''Aphyocypris''?) * '' Herzensteinia'' * ''

Hypselobarbus ''Hypselobarbus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to India. Species There are currently 26 recognized species in this genus: * '' Hypselobarbus basavarajai'' Arunachalam, Chinnaraja & Mayden, 2016 Arunachalam, M., Chinnaraj ...

'' * ''

Hypsibarbus ''Hypsibarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in freshwater in Mainland Southeast Asia, including the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Species * '' Hypsibarbus antiquus'' Roberts & Jumnongthai, 1999 – prehistoric (fossil) * '' Hypsibarbus a ...

'' * '' Laocypris'' * '' Lepidopygopsis'' * '' Linichthys'' * ''

Lobocheilos :The noctuid moth genus ''Lobocheilos'', described by George Francis Hampson in 1891, has been renamed ''Latiphea''. ''Lobocheilos'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Cyprinidae native to Asia. Species There are currently 12 rec ...

'' * '' Longiculter'' * '' Luciobrama'' * ''

Luciocyprinus ''Luciocyprinus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in China and Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Na ...

'' * ''

Macrochirichthys ''Macrochirichthys macrochirus'', the long pectoral-fin minnow or giant sword minnow, is a species of cyprinid fish found in rivers and lakes in Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand to the Greater Sundas) where it is used as a food fish. It is t ...

'' (long pectoral-fin minnow) * ''

Megarasbora ''Megarasbora elanga'' ( bn, এলং), commonly known as the Bengala barb is a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found commonly in rivers and freshwater lakes in and around Bangladesh. It reaches a maximum length of . It is a valued food fish ...

'' * '' Mekongina'' * '' Metzia'' * '' Mystacoleucus'' * '' Naziritor'' (Zhobi mahseers) * ''

Neolissochilus ''Neolissochilus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to freshwater habitats in Asia that are often grouped with the mahseers. The largest reach up to in length, but most species are much smaller. Species There are currently 28 ...

'' (''mahseers'') * '' Nipponocypris'' * '' Ochetobius'' * '' Onychostoma'' * '' Opsariichthys'' * ''

Oreoleuciscus ''Oreoleuciscus'' is a genus of medium to large cyprinid freshwater fish which is only found in Mongolia and adjacent parts of Russia. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus'' Boguts ...

'' * ''

Osteobrama ''Osteobrama'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern Asia consisting of eight species. The name is derived from the Greek word ''osteon'', meaning "bone", and the Old French word ''breme'', a type of freshwater fish. Species *'' Osteob ...

'' * ''

Oxygaster ''Oxygaster'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geosche ...

'' * '' Oxygymnocypris'' * '' Parachela'' * ''

Paracrossochilus ''Paracrossochilus'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes containing two species, both of which are endemic to Borneo. Species * '' Paracrossochilus acerus'' Inger & P. K. Chin, 1962 * '' Paracrossochilus vittatus'' (Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. ...

'' * ''

Parapsilorhynchus ''Parapsilorhynchus'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes endemic to India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the m ...

'' * '' Parasikukia'' * '' Paraspinibarbus'' * ''

Parator In ancient Rome, an ''apparitor'' (also spelled apparator in English, or shortened to paritor) was a civil servant whose salary was paid from the public treasury. The ''apparitores'' assisted the magistrates. There were four occupational gr ...

'' * ''

Parazacco ''Parazacco'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, native to China and Vietnam. Species According to FishBase, there are currently two recognized species in this genus, but the Catalog of Fishes considers the first as a ...

'' * '' Percocypris'' * ''

Phreatichthys ''Phreatichthys andruzzii'', a species of cyprinid fish, is the only species of the genus ''Phreatichthys'', and is endemic to Somalia. This cave-adapted fish is whitish (not pigmented) and blind. It is considered to have evolved in the cave en ...

'' (Somalian cavefish) * '' Placogobio'' * '' Platypharodon'' * '' Pogobrama'' * ''

Poropuntius ''Poropuntius'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mainly in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia and Yunnan in China, but ''P. burtoni'' is from South Asia. Several species have highly restricted ranges and are threatened, and a single ''P. spe ...

'' * ''

Probarbus ''Probarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid freshwater fish found in Mainland Southeast Asia, especially the Mekong River The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest r ...

'' * ''

Procypris ''Procypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares ...

'' * ''

Prolabeo ''Prolabeo batesi'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea ...

'' * ''

Prolabeops ''Prolabeops'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a p ...

'' * ''

Pseudaspius ''Pseudaspius leptocephalus'', the Redfin, is a species of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia where it occurs in the countries of Russia, Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; literal translation, lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of M ...

'' * '' Ptychobarbus'' * ''

Puntioplites ''Puntioplites'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations ...

'' * ''

Rasborichthys ''Rasborichthys helfrichii'' is a species of cyprinid fish found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asi ...

'' * ''

Rohtee ''Rohtee ogilbii'', the Vatani rohtee, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the northern Western Ghats in southern India. It is the only species in its genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classificat ...

'' (Vatani rohtee) * '' Rohteichthys'' * '' Sanagia'' * ''

Sawbwa Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...

'' (Sawbwa barb) * ''

Scaphiodonichthys ''Scaphiodonichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares ...

'' * '' Scaphognathops'' * ''

'' (rudds) * '' Schismatorhynchos'' * ''

Schizocypris ''Schizocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and south-western Asia. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Schizocypris altidorsalis'' Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982 * '' Schizocypris brucei'' Re ...

'' (snowtrouts) * '' Schizopygopsis'' (snowtrouts) * '' Semiplotus'' * '' Sikukia'' * ''

Spinibarbus ''Spinibarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. There are currently seven described species in this genus. Species * ''Spinibarbus babeensis'' Nguyễn Văn Hảo, V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 * ''Spinibarbus denticulatus'' (Masamits ...

'' * '' Thryssocypris'' * ''

Thynnichthys ''Thynnichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern Asia from India to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in ...

'' * '' Tor'' ('' mahseers'') * '' Troglocyclocheilus'' * ''

'' * ''

Typhlobarbus ''Typhlobarbus nudiventris'' is a vulnerable species of cyprinid fish endemic to Jianshui County in Yunnan, China.Noakes; Aldemaro; Zhao; and Zhou (2009). Chinese Fishes, p. 249. Springer Science & Business Media. Like other cavefish, it lacks ...

'' * '' Typhlogarra'' (Iraq blind barb) * '' Xenobarbus'' * ''

Xenocyprioides ''Xenocyprioides'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to ...

'' * '' Zacco'' With such a large and diverse family the taxonomy and phylogenies are always being worked on so alternative classifications are being created as new information is discovered, for example:

Phylogeny

Subfamily Probarbinae * '' Catlocarpio'' * ''

'' Subfamily

* Tribe Parapsilorhynchini ** ''

'' ** '' Neorohita'' ** ''

'' ** '' Longanalus'' ** '' Protolabeo'' ** '' Sinilabeo'' * Tribe

Labeonini Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species el ...

** '' Bangana'' ** ''

'' (mud carps) ** '' Decourus'' ** '' Gymnostomus'' ** '' Incisilabeo'' ** ''

'' (labeos) ** '' Speolabeo'' ** '' Schismatorhynchos'' * Tribe Garrini ** '' Garra'' ** '' Paracrossocheilus'' ** '' Tariqilabeo'' ** '' Osteochilus'' clade *** '' Barbichthys'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' *** '' Labiobarbus'' *** ''

'' *** '' Osteochilus'' *** ''

'' ** '' Semilabeo'' clade *** '' Ageneiogarra'' *** '' Altigena'' *** ''

'' *** '' Discogobio'' *** '' Hongshuia'' *** '' Linichthys'' *** '' Mekongina'' *** '' Paraqianlabeo'' *** ''

'' *** ''

Prolixicheilus ''Prolixicheilus longisulcus'' is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, found in streams belonging to the Zuojiang River, a tributary of Pearl River in China. This species is the only member of its genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a t ...

'' *** ''

'' *** '' Ptychidio'' *** '' Qianlabeo'' *** ''

'' *** '' Semilabeo'' *** '' Sinigarra'' *** '' Sinocrossocheilus'' *** '' Stenorynchoacrum'' Subfamily Torinae * '' Acapoeta'' * '' Arabibarbus'' * '' Barbopsis'' (Somalian blind barb) * ''

'' * ''

'' (yellowfish) * '' Lepidopygopsis'' * '' Mesopotamichthys'' * '' Naziritor'' (Zhobi mahseers) * ''

'' ( mahseers) * '' Osteochilichthys'' * '' Pterocapoeta'' * '' Sanagia'' * '' Tor'' ( mahseers) * '' Pterocapoeta'' Subfamily Smiliogastrinae * ''

'' * '' Barboides'' * '' Caecobarbus'' (Congo blind barb) * '' Chagunius'' * '' Clypeobarbus'' * ''

'' * ''

'' * '' Haludaria'' * '' Hampala'' * ''

'' * ''

'' * '' Pethia'' * ''

'' * ''

'' (redfins) * '' Puntigrus'' * ''

'' (spotted barbs) * ''

'' (Vatani rohtee) * ''

'' * '' Striuntius'' * ''

'' * '' Xenobarbus'' Subfamily Cyprininae Barbinae.html" ;"title="ncl. Barbinae">ncl. Barbinae * Tribe Cyprinini ** '' Aaptosyax'' (giant salmon carp) ** '' Carassioides'' ** '' Carassius'' (Crucian carps and

) ** ''

'' (typical carps) ** ''

'' ** '' Paraspinibarbus'' ** ''

'' ** ''

Pseudosinocyclocheilus ''Sinocyclocheilus jinxiensis'' is a species of cavefish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to Xiaolong Spring in Jinxi County, Guangxi, China. In 2016, it was proposed that this species should be moved to its own genus Genus ( plural genera ) ...

'' ** '' Sinibarbus'' ** '' Sinocyclocheilus'' (golden-line fish) ** ''

'' * Tribe Rohteichthyini ** '' Albulichthys'' ** ''

'' ** '' Anematichthys'' ** ''

'' ** '' Barbonymus'' (tinfoil barbs) ** '' Cosmochilus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Cyclocheilos'' ** ''

'' ** '' Eirmotus'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' ** '' Laocypris'' ** '' Mystacoleucus'' ** '' Parasikukia'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' ** '' Rohteichthys'' ** ''

'' (Sawbwa barb) ** '' Scaphognathops'' ** '' Sikukia'' ** '' Troglocyclocheilus'' * Tribe Acrossocheilini ** ''

'' ** '' Folifer'' ** '' Onychostoma'' * Tribe Spinibarbini ** ''

'' ** '' Spinibarbichthys'' * Tribe Schizothoracini ** '' Aspiorhynchus'' ** '' Percocypris'' ** '' Schizopyge'' (snowtrouts) ** '' Schizothorax'' (snowtrouts) * Tribe Schizopygopsini ** '' Chuanchia'' ** '' Diptychus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Gymnodiptychus'' ** '' Oreinus'' ** '' Oxygymnocypris'' ** '' Platypharodon'' ** '' Ptychobarbus'' ** '' Schizopygopsis'' (snowtrouts) * Tribe Barbini ** '' Aulopyge'' (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon) ** ''

'' (typical barbels and barbs) ** '' Hsianwenia'' ** '' Caecocypris'' ** '' Capoeta'' (khramulyas) ** ''

'' ** '' Kantaka'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' (snowtrouts) ** '' Semiplotus'' Subfamily Danioninae * Tribe Paedocypridini ** ''

'' * Tribe Sundadanionini ** '' Fangfangia'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Rasborini ** ''

'' (carplets) ** '' Boraras'' (rasboras) ** '' Brevibora'' ** '' Horadandia'' ** '' Kottelatia'' ** ''

'' ** '' Rasbora'' ** '' Rasboroides'' ** ''

'' (dwarf scissortail rasbora) ** ''

'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Danionini ** '' Betadevario'' ** ''

Brachydanio The danionins are a group of small, minnow-type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera ''Danio'', ''Devario'', and ''Rasbora''._They_are_primarily_native_to_the_ s_...''._They_are_primarily_native ...

'' ** ''

Celestichthys ''Danio margaritatus'', the celestial pearl danio, often referred to in the aquarium trade as galaxy rasbora or ''Microrasbora'' sp. 'Galaxy',Clarke (2007b) is a small cyprinid from Myanmar. It has so far been found only in a very small area near ...

'' ** '' Chela'' ** ''

'' (danios) ** '' Danionella'' ** ''

'' ** '' Inlecypris'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Chedrini ** ''

'' ** '' Bengala'' ** '' Cabdio'' [''

''] ** ''

'' ** ''

'' (flying barbs) ** '' Leptocypris'' ** '' Luciosoma'' ** '' Malayochela'' ** '' Nematabramis'' ** '' Neobola'' ** '' Opsaridium'' ** '' Opsarius'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' (silver cyprinid) ** ''

'' (razorbelly minnows) ** '' Securicula'' ** '' Thryssocypris'' Subfamily Leptobarbinae * ''

Subfamily Xenocypridinae [incl. Cultrinae &

] * Tribe Squaliobarbini ** ''

'' * Tribe Opsariichthyini ** ''

'' ** '' Nipponocypris'' ** '' Opsariichthys'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Oxygastrini ** ''

'' ** '' Araiocypris'' ** '' Gymnodanio'' ** '' Hemigrammocypris'' ** ''

'' (long pectoral-fin minnow) ** '' Metzia'' ** ''

'' ** '' Parachela'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Hypophthalmichthyini ** ''

'' ** '' Ctenopharyngodon'' (grass carp) ** '' Elopichthys'' ** '' Hypophthalmichthys'' (bighead carps) ** '' Luciobrama'' ** ''

'' (black carp) ** '' Ochetobius'' * Tribe Xenocypridini ** Subtribe Xenocypridina *** '' Distoechodon'' *** '' Plagiognathops'' *** '' Pseudobrama'' *** ''

'' ** Subtribe Cultrina *** ''

'' *** '' Chanodichthys'' *** '' Culter'' *** ''

'' *** '' Longiculter'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' (white Amur bream) *** '' Pogobrama'' *** '' Sinibrama'' ** ''

'' clade *** '' Hainania'' *** ''

'' (sharpbellies) *** ''

'' *** ''

'' *** '' Toxabramis'' Subfamily Tincinae * '' Tinca'' Subfamily

(

bitterling The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in '' Acheilognathus'', and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of ...

s) * ?''

'' (Khanka spiny bitterling) * ''

'' * ''

Paratanakia ''Tanakia himantegus'' is a species of fishes in the family Cyprinidae found in China and Taiwan. Subspecies *''T. h. chii'' ('' Paratanakia himantegus chii'') (Miao, 1934):China mainland and Taiwan *''T. h. himantegus'' ('' Paratanakia himante ...

'' * ''

Pseudorhodeus The Tokyo bitterling (''Tanakia tanago'') is a temperate freshwater fish of the carp family (Cyprinidae). Taxonomically, it belongs to the subfamily Acheilognathinae. The species was first described as ''Rhodeus tanago'' by Shigeho Tanaka in 190 ...

'' * ''

'' Subfamily

* '' Hemibarbus''-'' Squalidus'' clade ** '' Belligobio'' ** '' Hemibarbus'' (steeds) ** '' Squalidus'' * Tribe Gobionini ** Subtribe Gobiobotiina *** '' Gobiobotia'' *** ''

'' ** Subtribe Gobionina *** ''

'' (typical gudgeons) *** '' Mesogobio'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' ** Subtribe Armatogobionina *** '' Abbottina'' (false gudgeons) *** '' Biwia'' *** ?'' Huigobio'' *** '' Microphysogobio'' *** '' Platysmacheilus'' *** '' Pseudogobio'' *** '' Saurogobio'' * Tribe Sarcocheilichthyini ** '' Coreius'' ** ''

'' (Korean splendid dace) ** '' Gnathopogon'' ** ''

'' ** '' Ladislavia'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' ** ?'' Parasqualidus'' ** '' Pseudopungtungia'' ** '' Pseudorasbora'' ** ''

'' ** '' Rhinogobio'' ** '' Sarcocheilichthys'' Subfamily Tanichthyinae * ''

'' Subfamily

[incl.

Alburninae Alburninae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family of ray-finned fish, the Cyprinidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously considered to be part of the Leuciscinae, but if the three Alburninae genera are included in that subfa ...

] * Tribe Phoxinini ** ''

'' ** ''

'' (Eurasian minnows and daces) ** ''

'' * Tribe Laviniini ** Subtribe Chrosomina *** '' Chrosomus'' (typical daces) ** Subtribe Laviniina *** ''

'' (desert dace) *** '' Gila'' (western chubs) *** ''

'' (California roach) *** '' Klamathella'' *** ''

'' (hitch) *** ''

'' (hardhead) *** '' Orthodon'' (Sacramento blackfish) *** '' Ptychocheilus'' (pikeminnows) *** '' Relictus'' (relict dace) *** ''

'' * Tribe Leuciscini ** '' Pachychilon'' clade *** '' Pachychilon'' ** '' Alburnoides'' clade *** '' Alburnoides'' ** Primitive Leuciscine clade *** '' Delminichthys'' *** ''

'' *** '' Notemigonus'' (golden shiner) *** ''

'' ** Subtribe Leuciscina *** '' Aspiolucius'' (pike asp) *** ''

'' (Eurasian daces) *** '' Pelecus'' (sabre carp) ** Subtribe Abramina *** '' Abramis'' (common bream) *** ''

'' (bleaks) *** ''

'' *** ''

Mirogrex ''Mirogrex'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae found only in Israel and Syria. Species * '' Mirogrex hulensis'' Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973 (Hula bream) * '' Mirogrex terraesanctae'' Steinitz, 1952 (Kinneret bleak ...

'' *** '' Vimba'' (Vimbas) ** Subtribe Chondrostomina *** ''

'' *** ''

'' (bleaks) *** '' Anaecypris'' *** '' Chondrostoma'' (typical nases) *** '' Iberochondrostoma'' *** '' Leucaspius'' (moderlieschen) *** '' Leucos'' *** '' Parachondrostoma'' *** ''

'' (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) *** '' Phoxinellus'' *** '' Protochondrostoma'' (South European nase) *** '' Pseudochondrostoma'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' (roaches) *** '' Sarmarutilus'' *** ''

'' (rudds) *** ''

'' (European chubs) *** ''

'' *** ''

'' * Tribe Plagiopterini ** '' Couesius'' (lake chub) ** ''

'' (flame chub) ** '' Lepidomeda'' (spinedaces) ** '' Margariscus'' (pearl daces) ** ''

'' (pikedace) ** '' Plagopterus'' (woundfin) ** ''

'' (Eurasian minnows) ** ''

'' (creek chubs) **

'' Stypodon'' (stumptooth minnow) * Tribe Pogonichthyini ** Subtribe Pogonichthyina *** ''

'' (redside daces) *** '' Iotichthys'' (least chub) *** '' Mylocheilus'' (peamouth) *** ''

'' (splittails) *** ''

'' (redside shiners) ** Subtribe Exoglossina *** ''

'' (cutlips minnows) *** ''

'' (Oregon chubs) *** '' Pararhinichthys'' (cheat minnow) *** '' Rhinichthys'' (riffle daces, loach minnows) *** '' Tiaroga'' ** Subtribe Campostomina *** ''

'' (stonerollers) *** ''

'' (hornyhead chubs) ** Subtribe Hybognathina *** '' Agosia'' (longfin dace) *** '' Alburnops'' *** '' Algansea'' (Mexican chubs) *** ?'' Aztecula'' (Aztec chub) *** ?'' Ballerus'' (breams) *** ?'' Blicca'' (silver bream) *** ''

'' (ornate shiner) *** ''

'' (satinfin shiners) *** ''

'' (desert minnows) *** ?'' Ericymba'' (longjaw minnows) *** ''

Erimonax Spotfin chub (''Cyprinella monacha'') is a ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae that is endemic to the Tennessee River watershed. Its other common names include turquoise shiner and chromium shiner. Appearance and anatomy Spotfin chub have an ...

'' *** '' Erimystax'' (slender chubs) ***

'' (Mexican daces) *** '' Graodus'' *** '' Hudsonius'' *** '' Hybognathus'' (silvery minnows) *** '' Hybopsis'' (bigeye chubs) *** ?'' Iberocypris'' *** ?''

'' *** '' Luxilus'' (highscale shiners) *** '' Lythrurus'' (finescale shiners) *** ''

'' (blacktail chubs) *** '' Miniellus'' *** ?'' Moapa'' (moapa dace) *** ''

Notropis ''Notropis'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are known commonly as eastern shiners.''N ...

'' (eastern shiners) *** ''

'' (pugnose minnow) *** '' Phenacobius'' (suckermouth minnows) *** '' Pimephales'' (bluntnose minnows) *** ''

'' (flathead chub) *** ''

'' (flagfin shiners) *** ?''

'' (spinedaces) *** ''

'' *** ?'' Tribolodon'' *** ?'' Yuriria''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Acanthalburnus'' (bleaks) * '' Acrocheilus'' (chiselmouth) * ''

'' * '' Anchicyclocheilus'' * '' Gibelion'' (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus ''Catla'') * ''

'' * ''

'' * '' Discolabeo'' * ''

'' * '' Herzensteinia'' * '' Horalabiosa'' * ''

'' * ''

'' (Somalian cavefish) * '' Placogobio'' * ''

'' (rudds) * ''

'' * '' Typhlogarra'' (Iraq blind barb) * '' Zacco''

References

External links

{{Authority control Ray-finned fish families Fish of North America Fish of Asia Fish of Europe Fish of Africa Extant Eocene first appearances

Biology and ecology

Relationship with humans

Food

Sport

As pest control

As a pest species

Aquarium fish

Threatened families

Systematics

Subfamilies and genera

Subfamily Acheilognathinae The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in ''Acheilognathus'', and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of t ...

Subfamily Alburninae Alburninae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family of ray-finned fish, the Cyprinidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously considered to be part of the Leuciscinae, but if the three Alburninae genera are included in that subfa ...

Subfamily Barbinae

Subfamily Cultrinae

Subfamily Cyprininae

Subfamily Danioninae

Subfamily Gobioninae Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. To adapt to different masticatory operat ...

Subfamily Labeoninae Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species el ...

Subfamily Leptobarbinae

Subfamily Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

Subfamily Tincinae

Subfamily Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the bl ...

Subfamily Xenocyprinae

''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...''

Phylogeny

''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...''

See also

References

External links

Subfamily
Acheilognathinae The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in ''Acheilognathus'', and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of t ...

Subfamily
Alburninae Alburninae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family of ray-finned fish, the Cyprinidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously considered to be part of the Leuciscinae, but if the three Alburninae genera are included in that subfa ...

Subfamily
Gobioninae Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini, and Sarcocheilichthyini. To adapt to different masticatory operat ...

Subfamily
Labeoninae Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species el ...

Subfamily
Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

Subfamily
Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the bl ...

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''